Lifepo4 Battery Temperature Range
Description
Usually the Lifepo4 battery working temperature range from-20-60 ℃,but the best working temp is from 20-40℃,we are going to talk about the effect of high and low temp on Lifepo4 Battery.
1.Long term effects of high temperature environment (>45 ℃)
1.1 Capacity decay acceleration
For every 10 ℃ increase, the annual capacity degradation rate of the battery increases by 5-8%. For example, long-term use in an environment of 55 ℃ may shorten the lifespan to less than 50% of the design value (the original 6000 cycles may only have 3000 left).
Reason: High temperature accelerates the detachment of active materials from electrode materials, intensifies the decomposition of electrolyte, and causes irreversible damage to the internal structure.
1.2 Increased self discharge rate
The self discharge speed of Lifepo4 Battery at high temperatures is 2-3 times faster than at room temperature, and long-term storage can lead to faster battery loss.
Case: A fully charged battery stored in a high-temperature warehouse for 3 months may only have less than 50% remaining.
1.3 Accumulation of risk of thermal runaway
Continuous high temperature can increase the production of gas inside the Lifepo4 battery, which may lead to bulging or thermal runaway (smoking, fire) in the long run, especially during overcharging or short circuits, with higher risks.
2.Long term effects of low temperature environment (<0 ℃)
2.1 Continuous reduction of available capacity
Long term exposure to temperatures below -10 ℃ may result in a permanent decrease of 10-20% in the actual usable capacity of the battery.
Principle: Low temperature causes a decrease in the fluidity of the electrolyte, hindering the migration of lithium ions and preventing some active substances from participating in electrochemical reactions.
2.2 Decreased charging efficiency
When charging at low temperatures, the Lifepo4 battery requires additional energy to be heated to above 5 ℃. Frequent low-temperature charging over a long period of time will increase energy consumption and reduce cycle life.
Experimental data: Charging at -20 ℃ takes three times longer than charging at room temperature, and an additional 0.5% of capacity is lost per charge.
2.3 Performance degradation caused by increased internal resistance
Low temperature increases the internal resistance of the Lifepo4 battery (at -20 ℃, the internal resistance is 3-4 times that of room temperature), and long-term operation can lead to a decrease in the discharge voltage platform and a gradual decline in the device’s endurance.
3.Conclusion
The long-term impact of high and low temperatures on batteries is significant. High temperatures accelerate aging, while low temperatures lead to performance degradation. Through reasonable temperature control measures and usage habits, battery life can be extended by more than 30%, equivalent to an additional 4-6 years of use (calculated based on daily cycles). Therefore, investing in temperature control systems or choosing wide temperature range batteries is the key to ensuring the long-term stable operation of Lifepo4 battery