How to Do Lithium Battery Maintenance
Description
Doing lithium batterry maintenance is a highly specialized and dangerous operation, especially for high capacity battery packs such as energy storage battery,if operated improperly, it is likely to cause serious consequences such as short circuit, fire, and even explosion,so, it is recommended that non professionals do not easily attempt to repair on their own. Below are some common problem-solving strategies and basic professional repair processes for your reference:
1.Necessary preparations before maintenance
1.1 Safety protection
When performing maintenance operations, insulated gloves and goggles must be worn, and the work must be carried out in a well ventilated environment, away from sources of fire.
2.2 Professional tool equipment
Professional tools such as multimeters, internal resistance testers, charging and discharging equipment, insulation tape, and hot air guns need to be prepared.
1.3 Clearly define the battery type
To determine the type of battery, such as lithium iron phosphate or ternary lithium, it is necessary to understand the series parallel structure of the battery pack and the model of BMS.
2.Diagnosis and treatment methods for common faults
2.1 Battery swelling or leakage Maintenance
When the battery bulges or leaks, it usually means that the battery cell has been damaged. At this point, the entire battery pack needs to be powered off, and then an internal resistance tester should be used to locate the damaged cells and replace them,it should be noted that partial battery cells cannot be replaced individually, but should be replaced as a whole or in series to ensure the consistency of the battery pack.
2.2 Battery Capacity reduction Maintenance
If the capacity of the battery decreases, you can try using the BMS’s balancing function to charge the battery and balance the voltage of each cell,if the capacity is not restored after balanced charging, it is necessary to conduct an internal resistance test on the battery cells and replace the cells with significantly higher internal resistance.
2.3 Unable to charge or discharge problem
Firstly, it is necessary to check whether the connection wires of the battery are loose and whether the fuse of the BMS is blown,next, use a multimeter to check if the input and output voltages of the BMS are normal,if the BMS malfunctions, it may need to be programmed for repair or replaced directly.
2.4 Short circuit or protection issues
When the battery experiences a short circuit or protection situation, the load should be immediately disconnected to check for any exposed wiring,then, use a multimeter to measure the voltage of the battery in sections, identify the short-circuit point, and repair it,if the BMS triggers the protection incorrectly, you can try resetting the BMS.
3.The specific process of professional maintenance
3.1 Battery cell replacement process
Fully discharge the battery pack, then disassemble and mark the connection sequence of the cells,next, use a spot welding machine to remove the damaged cells and replace them with new cells of the same specifications,finally, reassemble the battery pack and calibrate it using BMS.
3.2 BMS maintenance process
Firstly, check the sampling line of BMS to ensure that it is firmly connected and free of oxidation,then, use professional software to read the fault code of BMS and make corresponding repairs according to the code, such as replacing damaged MOS tubes or resistors,finally, test the protection functions of BMS, such as overvoltage and overcurrent protection.
4.Precautions
4.1 Operation safety
During the maintenance process, it is important to avoid short circuits between the positive and negative electrodes, and not to puncture or heat the battery. If the battery emits smoke, odor, or other symptoms, it should be immediately removed from the site.
4.2 Battery consistency
When replacing battery cells, choose cells of the same brand and batch as the original battery to ensure battery consistency,if it is necessary to mix cells of different capacities, strict balancing control must be carried out through BMS.
5.Conclusion
For ordinary users, it is not recommended to self repair lithium batteries, especially high-voltage battery packs,if the battery malfunctions, it is best to contact a professional repair agency or return it to the factory for processing,in daily use, it is important to avoid overcharging and discharging, and regularly check the appearance and connection of the battery to effectively extend its lifespan.