Battery Storage Condition
Description
Battery storage condition are crucial to their lifespan and safety,improper storage may lead to capacity decline, performance degradation and even safety hazards., the following are the best storage conditions and operation suggestions for lithium batteries.
1.Core Battery storage condition: temperature, humidity and battery power
1.1 Temperature control: Core influencing factor
High-temperature hazard (> 30℃) : It will accelerate the decomposition of the electrolyte and the aging of electrode materials, leading to a rapid decline in capacity (if stored at 40℃ for a long time, the capacity may drop by more than 20% after one year). Lithium batteries have the risk of “thermal runaway”,high-temperature environments may cause internal short circuits, especially when fully charged, the risk is even higher.
Low-temperature impact (< 0℃) : Short-term storage (< 1 month) has a relatively small impact, but long-term low-temperature storage (< -20℃) may cause the electrolyte to solidify, damage the internal structure of the battery, and even prevent charging.
The best location: A shady indoor area (such as drawers and cabinets), away from high-temperature areas like radiator panels, stoves, and car trunks.
1.2 Humidity control: Dry environment is preferred
The suitable humidity for Battery storage condition is a relative humidity of no more than 65% (avoid damp environments).
High humidity risk: The battery casing (such as aluminum-plastic film) may be corroded, leading to electrolyte leakage,rusting of terminals (electrodes) will increase contact resistance and affect charging and discharging performance.
Operation suggestion: If the environmental humidity is high (such as during the rainy season or in humid southern areas), a desiccant (such as a silica gel bag) can be placed in the storage container and sealed for storage.
1.3 Battery Storage power: Avoid full charge or empty charge
The optimal Battery storage condition range is 30% to 70% (usually 50% to 60% is recommended, that is, the “half-battery state”).
Full-charge storage hazards: The positive electrode of the battery (such as lithium cobalt oxide) is in a high-voltage state, and the lattice structure is prone to collapse, resulting in irreversible capacity loss,excessive intercalation of lithium ions into the negative electrode may form “lithium dendrites”, which can Pierce the separator and cause a short circuit.
Risk of empty battery storage: Voltage below 2.5V (over-discharge) can cause the electrolyte to decompose, electrode materials to fall off, and the battery may be permanently scrapped
2.Physical environment and storage Condition
2.1 Avoid light and ventilation: Reduce external interference
Light avoidance requirements: Direct sunlight or strong light exposure (such as window sills and balconies) is strictly prohibited,ultraviolet rays in the light may accelerate the aging of the battery casing.
Ventilation requirements: The storage space should maintain good air circulation to prevent the accumulation of trace flammable gases (such as CO, CH₄) released by lithium batteries in a closed environment.
2.2 Anti-squeezing and isolation: Avoid physical damage
Separate storage: Batteries should be kept separate from metal items (such as keys, coins) and sharp objects to prevent short circuits in the electrodes or punctures in the casing. When storing multiple batteries, make sure the electrodes do not touch (you can wrap them with insulating paper or put them in the original factory storage box).
Do not stack: Avoid heavy objects squeezing the battery, especially soft-pack lithium polymer batteries,squeezing may cause the internal electrodes to misalign or the electrolyte to leak.
2.3 Classification and identification: For easy management
Battery store by model and degree of newness or oldness (for example, separate mobile phone batteries from electric vehicle batteries); Batteries that have been stored for a long time can be marked with the storage date for regular inspection (it is recommended to check the battery capacity every three months).
3.Conclusion
Temperature: 5℃ to 25℃ in a cool environment, avoiding high temperatures (above 30℃) and prolonged low temperatures (below 0℃).
Humidity: Relative humidity ≤65%. In damp environments, desiccants should be used to prevent moisture.
Battery level: Keep the stored battery level between 30% and 70% (it is recommended to keep it between 50% and 60%), and avoid full or empty charging.
Physical environment: Keep away from light, well-ventilated, keep away from metals and sharp objects, store separately to prevent compression.
Maintenance: Check the battery level every 3 to 6 months. Before long-term storage, perform a charge and discharge cycle.
Following the above battery sotrage condition can effectively extend the service life of lithium batteries and reduce potential safety hazards,during storage, closely monitor the battery’s condition,if any abnormalities (such as bulges or odors) are detected, take safety measures immediately.