What is Solar Panel
1.Basic principle
The core of a solar panel is the solar cell, which is generally made of semiconductor materials such as monocrystalline silicon, polycrystalline silicon, and amorphous silicon,when sunlight strikes the solar cell, the photon energy is absorbed by the electrons in the semiconductor material, causing the electrons to transition into free electrons, thereby generating an electric current; this phenomenon is known as the photovoltaic effect. Multiple solar cells are connected together in series or parallel to form a solar panel, in order to produce higher voltage and current to meet different electricity demands.
2.Structural composition
The solar cell: is the core component of solar panels, responsible for converting solar energy into electrical energy.
Encapsulation material: Generally, a transparent EVA (ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer) adhesive film is used to protect the battery cells, enhancing the stability and lifespan of the solar panels.
Glass: Typically made of ultra-white tempered glass, it has a high light transmittance, allowing more sunlight to pass through while also serving to protect the battery cells from external environmental influences.
Backplane: Located on the back of the battery panel, it primarily serves the functions of insulation, waterproofing, and moisture resistance, protecting the battery cells and internal circuits.
Bezel: Generally made of aluminum alloy, it is used to fix and protect the battery board, and at the same time facilitate installation and connection with other components.
Junction box: It is used to connect the circuit inside the battery board and the external wires to realize the output and transmission of current.
3.Application
Distributed generation: It can be installed on the roof and wall of the building to provide power for households, commercial buildings and industrial plants to meet their own electricity needs, and the excess power can also be integrated into the power grid to obtain revenue.
Centralized power station: In areas with abundant sunlight resources, such as deserts and grasslands, large-scale solar panels are laid to form centralized solar power stations to provide a large amount of power to the power grid.
Off-grid applications: In remote areas, islands and other places that are difficult to be covered by the power grid, solar panels can provide independent power supply for residents, base stations, lighthouses, etc., to solve the problem of electricity consumption.
Transportation: It can be applied to solar electric vehicles, electric bicycles, etc., to provide partial or full power for vehicles and reduce dependence on traditional fossil energy. It can also be used for lighting, signaling systems and other transportation facilities such as roads and railways.
Other fields: In agricultural greenhouses, fishery breeding and other fields, solar panels can be used to provide electricity to meet the electricity demand of irrigation, oxygenation, temperature control and other equipment, and realize the green development of agriculture and fishery. In addition, it is also widely used in some portable devices, such as solar power banks, solar street lights, etc.
4.Advantage and disadvantage
(1)Renewable energy (2)Clean and environmentally friendly (3)Low maintenance costs (4)Long service life
(1)The energy density is relatively low (2)It is greatly affected by weather and geography (3)The initial investment is high