What is Lithium Battery
1.Classify
Lithium metal battery: lithium metal or lithium alloy is used as the negative electrode, manganese dioxide and sulfur dioxide are used as cathode materials, and non-aqueous electrolyte solution is used. This type of battery is generally a primary battery, which is not rechargeable and has a high specific energy, but due to the chemical activity of lithium metal, there are safety and other problems,common ones are lithium manganese batteries, lithium thionyl chloride batteries, etc.
Lithium-ion battery: with lithium-containing compounds as the positive electrode, such as lithium cobalt oxide, lithium manganese oxide, lithium iron phosphate, etc., with carbon materials as the negative electrode, using an organic electrolyte that can conduct lithium ions. Lithium-ion batteries are rechargeable batteries that have the advantages of long cycle life, low self-discharge rate, and no memory effect, and are widely used,common ones include lithium cobalt oxide batteries, lithium manganese oxide batteries, lithium iron phosphate batteries, ternary lithium batteries, etc.
2.How it works
Charging process: Under the action of external power supply, lithium ions are detached from the cathode material and move to the negative electrode through the electrolyte, while electrons flow from the positive electrode to the negative electrode through the external circuit, combine with lithium ions on the surface of the negative electrode, and embed in the crystal lattice of the negative electrode material.
Discharge process: After the battery is connected to the load, the lithium ions in the negative electrode are taken out and move to the positive electrode through the electrolyte, and the electrons flow from the negative electrode to the positive electrode through the external circuit, and recombine with the lithium ions on the surface of the positive electrode to restore the cathode material to its initial state, so as to realize the conversion of chemical energy into electrical energy and provide power for external equipment.
3.Features
(1)High energy density(2)Long cycle life(3)Low self-discharge rate(4)No memory effect(5)High Output voltage(6)Security issues(7)higher cost(8)Limited environmental adaptability
4.Application
Consumer electronics: Widely used in mobile phones, tablets, laptops, digital cameras, MP3 players, etc., to provide efficient and long-lasting power support for these devices.
New energy vehicles: It is the main power source of electric vehicles and hybrid vehicles, which can provide sufficient power for vehicles to meet the mileage and performance requirements of vehicles.
Energy storage: energy storage systems for renewable energy power generation such as solar energy and wind energy, as well as grid energy storage, household energy storage, etc., to realize energy storage and regulation, and improve energy utilization efficiency and stability.
Aerospace: Due to its high energy density and light weight, it also has applications in the aerospace field, such as providing power for satellites, spacecraft, etc.
Other fields: It can also be applied to power tools, medical equipment, smart wearable devices, military equipment and many other fields to meet the power supply needs in different scenarios.